When it comes to securing your cryptocurrency holdings, a hardware wallet offers unmatched protection against hacks and theft. The best options combine robust security features with ease of use, but they differ significantly in price, compatibility, and setup complexity. The top pick for overall security and usability is the Trezor Safe 3, while the Ledger Nano S Plus stands out for value and versatility. Some wallets prioritize biometric security, like the D’CENT, but may come with higher costs or setup hurdles. Continue reading for a detailed comparison to find the right fit for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- Security remains the top priority, with air-gapped and biometric options leading the pack.
- Ease of use varies; beginner-friendly wallets often sacrifice some advanced features.
- Price differences are significant; premium wallets offer more security layers, but budget options still provide solid protection.
- Compatibility with a range of cryptocurrencies and devices influences long-term flexibility.
- Build quality and physical durability are often overlooked but critical for offline storage security.
| TANGEM Crypto Wallet Pack of 3 – Cold Storage Hardware for Bitcoin, Ethereum, NFTs & Altcoins |  | Best Overall for Extreme Durability and Security | Connectivity Type: Unique (no USB/Bluetooth) | Number of Wallets: 3 | Blockchain Support: 90+ blockchains | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Arculus® Crypto Cold Storage Wallet with 3-Factor Authentication – Silver |  | Best for High Security with NFC Convenience | Weight: 0.15 kg | Color: Silver | Authentication Method: 3-Factor (Biometric, PIN, Encrypted Metal Card) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ellipal X-Card Pack of 3 – Air-Gapped Crypto Cold Wallet with Starter Kit |  | Best for Air-Gapped Security and Recovery Flexibility | Storage Capacity: 3 GB | Interface: Dual USB | Connectivity Technology: NFC | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Burner Bitcoin Crypto Card – Cold Storage Hardware Wallet with PIN Lock |  | Best for Simplicity and Portability in Bitcoin Storage | Brand: Burner | UPC: 850079769069 | Unit Count: 1.0 Count | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| D’CENT Biometric Hardware Wallet for Cryptocurrency with Fingerprint Authentication and Bluetooth Storage |  | Best for Multi-Asset Management with Biometric Security | Security Certification: EAL5+ | Supported Assets: 4,900+ cryptocurrencies and NFTs | Authentication Method: Fingerprint + PIN | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Trezor Safe 3 Secure Crypto Hardware Wallet (Solar Gold) |  | Best Overall for Secure, Versatile Asset Management | Security Level: EAL 6+ Secure Element | Supported Coins: 1000s of coins/tokens | Display: OLED screen | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| ELLIPAL X Card – Air-Gapped Crypto Cold Wallet with Starter Kit |  | Best for Air-Gapped Security and Mobile Management | Security Certification: CC EAL6+ | Storage Capacity: 10,000+ tokens | Form Factor: Compact card | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ledger Nano S Plus Signer – Secure Crypto & NFT Management for Desktop and Android (Gold) |  | Best for Desktop and Android Users Managing NFTs and Multiple Coins | Memory Storage Capacity: 2.05 MB | Hardware Interface: USB-C | Connectivity Technology: USB only | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Ballet REAL Card – Offline Bitcoin Hardware Wallet |  | Best for Physical Bitcoin Storage and Long-Term Holding | Dimensions: 3.39″D x 2.13″W x 0.05″H | Weight: 38.6 grams | Material Type: Stainless Steel | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
| Tangem Crypto Wallet Pack of 2 – Offline Hardware Storage for Bitcoin, Ethereum & NFTs |  | Best for Multi-Cryptocurrency & Extreme Durability | Security Certification: EAL6+ | Durability Rating: 25 Years (IP69K Waterproof) | Blockchain Support: 90+ Blockchains | VIEW LATEST PRICE | See Our Full Breakdown |
More Details on Our Top Picks
TANGEM Crypto Wallet Pack of 3 – Cold Storage Hardware for Bitcoin, Ethereum, NFTs & Altcoins
This Tangem wallet pack stands out for its military-grade EAL6+ security, offering a level of offline protection that surpasses many competitors like the Ellipal X-Card, which relies on NFC and physical card backups. Unlike traditional seed phrase systems, Tangem’s smart backup system via a second card enhances security and recovery, especially in rugged environments. The IP69K waterproof and shockproof design makes it a top choice for users who need rugged, reliable cold storage in extreme conditions. However, its card form factor may not appeal to those seeking a more traditional hardware wallet with a small screen or advanced interface. The lack of explicit pricing info can also challenge budget-conscious buyers. Overall, this pick makes the most sense for users prioritizing long-term security and durability in physically demanding scenarios.
Pros:- Military-grade EAL6+ security with no remote hacks reported
- No batteries, cables, or Bluetooth required for operation
- Waterproof (IP69K) and shockproof for extreme environments
- Smart backup system using a second wallet card with encryption
Cons:- Limited to card form factor, restricting interface options
- Advanced users may prefer seed phrase backup over card-based system
- No explicit price range provided
Best for: Adventurers, field workers, or security-conscious users needing rugged, offline crypto storage.
Not ideal for: Casual investors or those preferring compact, portable wallets with screens and user interfaces.
- Connectivity Type:Unique (no USB/Bluetooth)
- Number of Wallets:3
- Blockchain Support:90+ blockchains
- Coin/Token Support:14,100+ coins & tokens
- Durability Rating:IP69K waterproof, shockproof
- Material:Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Bottom line: Ideal for users demanding rugged, offline security in challenging environments, but less suited for everyday portable use.
Arculus® Crypto Cold Storage Wallet with 3-Factor Authentication – Silver
The Arculus wallet offers a compelling security setup with 3-factor authentication combining biometric, PIN, and encrypted metal card, making it a strong contender against the Ellipal X-Card’s simpler backup system. Its NFC tap-to-transact technology provides a cable-free, quick way to manage coins, which appeals to users seeking ease of use without sacrificing security. While it supports a wide array of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Cardano, its lack of a physical screen limits transaction verification, unlike the D’CENT, which offers more advanced display features. The limited third-party app compatibility mentioned might restrict some integrations. Overall, this wallet makes sense for security-focused users who want seamless NFC transactions with multi-layered protection.
Pros:- Military-grade 3-factor security with encryption
- NFC tap-to-transact for cable-free, quick operations
- Supports 95% of the crypto market cap
- Compact and lightweight design
Cons:- No physical screen for transaction verification
- Limited info on third-party app support
- Potential compatibility issues with older NFC devices
Best for: Crypto investors who prioritize security and convenience for daily transactions on mobile devices.
Not ideal for: Users who prefer full on-device transaction verification or require extensive app integrations.
- Weight:0.15 kg
- Color:Silver
- Authentication Method:3-Factor (Biometric, PIN, Encrypted Metal Card)
- Supported Cryptocurrencies:Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, XRP, Cardano, Litecoin, Polkadot, and others
Bottom line: Best suited for secure, everyday NFC-based crypto management, though it lacks a screen for transaction review.
Ellipal X-Card Pack of 3 – Air-Gapped Crypto Cold Wallet with Starter Kit
The Ellipal X-Card excels in providing air-gapped security, storing cryptocurrencies offline with a CC EAL6+ certified secure element that outperforms many NFC-based wallets like Arculus or D’CENT in terms of isolation. Its NFC-enabled one-tap transactions and support for NFTs make it versatile for users who need both cold storage and quick access. The ability to back up seed phrases across up to 10 cards offers a significant recovery advantage over single-card solutions like Tangem, though the reliance on a smartphone app adds complexity and a learning curve. It’s less suitable for those who prefer minimal setup or don’t have NFC-compatible devices. Overall, this makes a strong case for anyone prioritizing security and flexibility in cold storage.
Pros:- CC EAL6+ certified secure element for top-tier security
- NFC-enabled one-tap transactions and fiat conversions
- Supports backup across 10 cards for easy recovery
- Air-gapped offline storage for maximum security
Cons:- Requires smartphone app for full functionality
- Learning curve to master dual-layer security features
- Limited to NFC-compatible devices
Best for: Advanced users needing highly secure, air-gapped offline storage with easy recovery options.
Not ideal for: Beginners or users without NFC-enabled smartphones or unfamiliar with dual-layer security setups.
- Storage Capacity:3 GB
- Interface:Dual USB
- Connectivity Technology:NFC
- Flash Memory Type:USB
Bottom line: Excellent for security-conscious users who want maximum offline protection with flexible recovery options, but not ideal for beginners or NFC-incompatible setups.
Burner Bitcoin Crypto Card – Cold Storage Hardware Wallet with PIN Lock
The Burner Bitcoin Crypto Card simplifies cold storage by eliminating apps, seed phrases, and technical setup, making it ideal for straightforward Bitcoin storage. Its credit-card form factor fits easily into wallets or can be used as a gift, with instant deposit addresses that facilitate quick transfer of coins. Compared with multi-asset wallets like D’CENT or Tangem, it’s limited to Bitcoin, which might restrict users holding diverse portfolios. The higher price point for a basic Bitcoin-only device can be a concern, but its hardware-grade security and PIN protection compensate for some of this. This option is best suited for users who want a simple, dedicated Bitcoin cold wallet without extra features or setup complexity.
Pros:- No app, seed phrase, or technical setup needed
- Offline cold storage with hardware-grade security
- Easy Bitcoin deposits via unique addresses
- Compact, durable card design
Cons:- Limited to Bitcoin only
- Higher cost compared to basic wallets with similar features
- Lacks multi-asset support
Best for: Bitcoin holders seeking a no-fuss, portable cold storage solution without need for apps or seed phrases.
Not ideal for: Users managing multiple cryptocurrencies or those preferring multi-asset wallets with advanced features.
- Brand:Burner
- UPC:850079769069
- Unit Count:1.0 Count
- Warranty:Manufacturer’s Warranty
- Security:Hardware-grade PIN lock
Bottom line: Perfect for dedicated Bitcoin owners seeking simple, portable cold storage without extra complexity.
D’CENT Biometric Hardware Wallet for Cryptocurrency with Fingerprint Authentication and Bluetooth Storage
The D’CENT wallet offers a high level of security with EAL5+ certification and dual authentication via fingerprint and PIN, providing a more advanced security layer than simple PIN-only devices like Burner. Its support for over 4,900 cryptocurrencies and NFTs across 100+ blockchains makes it one of the most versatile options, especially for users managing diverse assets. The Bluetooth connectivity allows seamless mobile management, which is more convenient than physical-only solutions like Tangem or Ellipal. However, the lack of USB connectivity may concern users who prefer wired connections for added security. Its limited physical storage for cards or tokens makes it less suitable for users with extensive hardware or card collections. Overall, this wallet excels for users needing biometric security and broad asset support with flexible mobile access.
Pros:- EAL5+ certified security chip with fingerprint and PIN protection
- Supports over 4,900 cryptocurrencies and NFTs
- Bluetooth 5.0 for seamless mobile management
- Firmware updates without resetting funds
Cons:- No USB connectivity option, limited wired security options
- Limited storage space for cards or tokens
- Potential privacy concerns with Bluetooth connectivity
Best for: Active traders or multi-asset holders who want biometric security and Bluetooth convenience for mobile management.
Not ideal for: Those who require wired connections or extensive physical storage for multiple tokens and cards.
- Security Certification:EAL5+
- Supported Assets:4,900+ cryptocurrencies and NFTs
- Authentication Method:Fingerprint + PIN
- Connectivity:Bluetooth 5.0
- Dimensions:0.43″D x 1.69″W x 3.03″H
- Weight:36 grams
Bottom line: Ideal for users who prioritize biometric security and broad asset management via Bluetooth, but less suited for those preferring wired connections or extensive physical storage.
Trezor Safe 3 Secure Crypto Hardware Wallet (Solar Gold)
The Trezor Safe 3 stands out for its military-grade EAL 6+ secure element protection, making it a reliable choice for safeguarding thousands of cryptocurrencies. Compared to the Ledger Nano S Plus, its multi-share backup system reduces single points of failure, though the lightweight build might feel fragile to some users. Its OLED screen simplifies transaction confirmations directly on the device, adding an extra layer of security. The setup process is swift, taking about 15 minutes, and it integrates seamlessly with Trezor Suite for comprehensive asset management. While its minimal physical profile limits storage capacity within the chamber, this model excels in environments demanding maximum security and ease of recovery. This pick is best for users prioritizing security and ease of backup over physical bulk or high storage capacity in a portable form.
Pros:- Military-grade EAL 6+ secure element protection
- Supports thousands of cryptocurrencies in one device
- Intuitive OLED screen for on-device transaction confirmation
- Quick 15-minute setup with included backup cards
Cons:- Extremely lightweight (0.5 oz) may feel fragile
- Limited physical chamber depth restricts storage capacity
Best for: Individuals seeking top-tier security with support for thousands of coins, especially those who want a straightforward setup and robust backup options.
Not ideal for: Users needing a wallet with extensive physical storage or a more substantial, rugged design for extreme conditions, as its slim profile may feel fragile.
- Security Level:EAL 6+ Secure Element
- Supported Coins:1000s of coins/tokens
- Display:OLED screen
- Backup System:Multi-share Backup
- Dimensions:0.3″D x 1.3″W x 2.3″H
- Weight:0.5 ounces
Bottom line: This is an excellent choice for security-conscious users who value ease of backup and versatile crypto support in a lightweight design.
ELLIPAL X Card – Air-Gapped Crypto Cold Wallet with Starter Kit
The ELLIPAL X-Card offers a compelling solution for those prioritizing air-gapped security with its CC EAL6+ certification, effectively isolating seed phrase storage from online threats. Unlike the Ledger Nano S Plus, which relies on USB and desktop management, the X-Card uses NFC for one-tap transactions, making it highly portable and convenient. Its unlimited backup across multiple physical cards ensures redundancy, although the reliance on a smartphone app introduces a learning curve and potential user error. The compact card form factor makes it ideal for discreet, offline storage, especially for long-term holders and travelers. However, full functionality depends on app setup and familiarity with security protocols. This model suits users who want maximum offline security with simple NFC transactions, but it may be less suitable for those avoiding smartphone dependency.
Pros:- Air-gapped security prevents seed phrase exposure
- NFC-enabled one-tap transactions for convenience
- Unlimited backup with multiple physical cards
- Supports 10,000+ tokens and coins
Cons:- Requires smartphone app for full features
- Setup and security protocols can be complex for novices
Best for: Crypto holders needing offline seed storage with NFC-enabled quick transactions, especially frequent travelers and long-term investors.
Not ideal for: Beginners or users uncomfortable with managing security protocols and app setups, as it requires a learning curve and smartphone integration.
- Security Certification:CC EAL6+
- Storage Capacity:10,000+ tokens
- Form Factor:Compact card
- Material:Plastic
- Color:Black
- Warranty:30-day return policy
Bottom line: This wallet is best for security-focused users comfortable managing multiple physical cards and mobile app integration for offline crypto storage.
Ledger Nano S Plus Signer – Secure Crypto & NFT Management for Desktop and Android (Gold)
The Ledger Nano S Plus Signer excels at managing a vast array of cryptocurrencies and NFTs via a USB-C connection. Compared with the Trezor Safe 3, its support for over 15,000 coins and NFTs in a durable, color-coded device makes it ideal for users who prefer desktop or Android device management. Its offline private key storage and CC EAL6+ security certification ensure high-level protection, although the lack of Bluetooth or wireless options limits mobility. The device’s compact gold design adds a touch of personalization, but it’s primarily intended for users with USB-C compatible hardware. This wallet is less suited for iOS users or those seeking wireless convenience. This pick is perfect for desktop power users who manage large crypto and NFT portfolios securely.
Pros:- Supports over 15,000 cryptocurrencies and NFTs
- CC EAL6+ certified security with offline private keys
- Durable, colorful design with personalized options
- Manages both coins and NFTs in one dashboard
Cons:- No Bluetooth or wireless connectivity
- Limited to USB-C interface, not compatible with iOS
Best for: Crypto traders and collectors managing extensive NFT and coin portfolios on desktop or Android devices, needing strong security without wireless features.
Not ideal for: iOS users or those preferring wireless or Bluetooth connectivity, as the device is USB-C only and designed for wired use.
- Memory Storage Capacity:2.05 MB
- Hardware Interface:USB-C
- Connectivity Technology:USB only
- Compatible Devices:Android, Windows, macOS, Linux
- Color:Gold
Bottom line: Ideal for desktop and Android users who require a secure, large-scale crypto and NFT management solution with offline storage.
Ballet REAL Card – Offline Bitcoin Hardware Wallet
The Ballet REAL Card offers a distinctive approach with offline, non-electronic storage of Bitcoin, making it suitable for those wary of digital vulnerabilities. Unlike the Ledger or Trezor, this card contains embedded cryptographic keys, removing the need for seed phrases, batteries, or Bluetooth. Its stainless steel, waterproof design ensures durability and ease of long-term storage. The card’s simplicity appeals to users who prefer managing funds via QR codes in the Ballet app, but it’s limited to Bitcoin and not suitable for active trading. Its offline nature makes it ideal as a physical backup or gift, but it lacks multi-cryptocurrency support and isn’t designed for frequent transactions. This device suits users prioritizing physical, offline Bitcoin storage over daily trading needs.
Pros:- Offline, non-electronic cold storage
- No seed phrases, batteries, or Bluetooth needed
- Durable stainless steel and waterproof
- Simple app integration with QR code management
Cons:- Limited to Bitcoin only
- Not suitable for frequent trading or active management
Best for: Long-term Bitcoin holders or gift-givers who want a durable, offline Bitcoin wallet with maximum security and minimal tech requirements.
Not ideal for: Active traders or users who need multi-cryptocurrency support or frequent access, as the card is designed mainly for static holding and occasional use.
- Dimensions:3.39″D x 2.13″W x 0.05″H
- Weight:38.6 grams
- Material Type:Stainless Steel
- Water Resistance:Waterproof
Bottom line: This wallet is perfect for users seeking a durable, offline, physical Bitcoin storage method for long-term security or gifting.
Tangem Crypto Wallet Pack of 2 – Offline Hardware Storage for Bitcoin, Ethereum & NFTs
The Tangem Crypto Wallet Pack of 2 offers a comprehensive offline solution with military-grade EAL6+ security and support for over 14,100 cryptocurrencies across 90 blockchains. Compared to the Ballet Card, these cards provide broader multi-asset support and are designed for rugged use, with a 25-year durability and waterproof IP69K rating. The dual-card setup ensures redundancy, making it suitable for long-term storage in challenging environments. While they lack electronic components, requiring smartphone app management, this makes them ideal for users who want a physically robust, offline backup. The absence of USB or Bluetooth might inconvenience those who prefer instant digital access, but it enhances security for cold storage. This is best for crypto holders with large, diversified portfolios and extreme storage conditions.
Pros:- Military-grade EAL6+ security for private keys
- Supports over 14,100 coins and tokens
- IP69K waterproof and 25-year durable design
- Backup redundancy with two cards
Cons:- No electronic or wireless digital access
- Requires smartphone app for management
Best for: Long-term investors managing diverse assets across many blockchains who need ultra-durable, offline cold storage in harsh environments.
Not ideal for: Active traders or those preferring quick, electronic access, as these cards require physical handling and app-based management.
- Security Certification:EAL6+
- Durability Rating:25 Years (IP69K Waterproof)
- Blockchain Support:90+ Blockchains
- Supported Cryptocurrencies:14,100+ Coins & Tokens
- Card Count:2 Cards
- Warranty:25-Year
Bottom line: This product is ideal for users needing ultra-durable, multi-asset offline storage in extreme conditions and long-term scenarios.
How We Picked
I evaluated these cryptocurrency hardware wallets based on a combination of security features, ease of setup, usability, compatibility, and physical build quality. Wallets with advanced security measures like biometric authentication or air-gapped technology ranked higher, as they provide stronger protection for assets. I also considered the overall value, taking into account price relative to features, and the versatility for different user needs—from beginners to experienced traders. Products were ranked to reflect their suitability for different priorities, whether that’s maximum security, affordability, or ease of use.Factors to Consider When Choosing Cryptocurrency Hardware Wallets
Choosing the right cryptocurrency hardware wallet involves balancing several factors. While security is paramount, ease of use, compatibility, and price also play crucial roles. Understanding these factors helps prevent costly mistakes, such as buying a device incompatible with your preferred cryptocurrencies or one that’s overly complicated to operate. The right wallet should fit your trading volume, security needs, and technical comfort level, ensuring long-term satisfaction and safety.Security Features and Technology
Security is the core reason for using a hardware wallet, and modern options incorporate various advanced features. Look for wallets with air-gapped design, biometric authentication, multi-factor security, or tamper-proof construction. These features significantly reduce the risk of remote hacking or physical theft. Be cautious of wallets that lack these protections or that rely solely on PIN codes, which can be vulnerable if physical access is compromised.
Ease of Use and Setup
A wallet’s setup process and user interface greatly impact your experience, especially if you’re new to crypto. Devices with clear instructions, simple setup procedures, and intuitive interfaces make managing assets less stressful. Beware of overly complex menus or confusing backup procedures, which can lead to mistakes and potential asset loss. Devices with companion apps or desktop software should be compatible with your existing devices for seamless management.
Compatibility and Cryptocurrency Support
Check whether the wallet supports the cryptocurrencies you own or plan to buy, including NFTs if relevant. Some wallets excel with Bitcoin and Ethereum but lack support for altcoins or newer tokens. Compatibility with your devices—Windows, macOS, Android, or iOS—is also essential for flexible access. Investing in a wallet with broad support can save you from needing multiple devices down the line.
Build Quality and Physical Durability
The physical resilience of a hardware wallet affects its security in real-world scenarios. Look for sturdy construction, tamper-evident seals, and protective casing. Wallets prone to damage or that lack physical safeguards may not withstand accidental drops or environmental factors. Higher-quality materials often correlate with longer device lifespan and better security against physical tampering.
Price and Value
While more expensive wallets often offer enhanced security features, they are not always necessary for casual investors. Balance your budget with your security needs; premium models with biometric or multi-layer security are ideal for large holdings. Conversely, budget wallets may suffice for small portfolios or less frequent traders. Consider the long-term value—investing in a reliable device can prevent costly losses or replacements later.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use multiple hardware wallets for added security?
Using multiple hardware wallets can add an extra layer of security, especially if you diversify assets across different devices or storage methods. For example, you might keep large holdings in a cold wallet and use a separate device for day-to-day transactions. Just ensure each wallet is properly configured and backed up, as managing multiple devices increases complexity but can mitigate risks linked to single points of failure.
Are biometric hardware wallets more secure than PIN-based ones?
Biometric wallets add an extra security layer by requiring fingerprint or facial recognition, which can prevent unauthorized access even if the device is physically stolen. However, they also introduce potential vulnerabilities, such as biometric data hacking or hardware malfunctions. When choosing, consider whether the convenience outweighs these risks, especially if storing large sums or highly valuable assets.
How important is open-source firmware in a hardware wallet?
Open-source firmware allows the community to review and verify the security of the device’s code, reducing the risk of hidden backdoors. Many security-conscious users prefer open-source wallets because transparency enhances trust. However, it also requires a certain level of technical knowledge to assess updates and verify integrity, so it may be less suitable for beginners.
Should I buy a hardware wallet with a screen?
A device with a screen generally provides a better user experience by allowing you to verify transaction details directly on the device, reducing phishing risks. Screenless wallets rely entirely on companion apps, which can be less secure if your device or app is compromised. For most users, a built-in screen adds an extra layer of security and confidence in transaction verification.
Is it worth paying extra for a premium hardware wallet?
Premium hardware wallets often include features like biometric security, tamper-proof designs, or multi-device support, which can justify higher costs for serious investors. If you’re managing large sums or holding assets long-term, investing in a higher-end device can provide peace of mind and enhanced protection. For casual users, a more affordable option might be sufficient, but always prioritize basic security features.
Conclusion
For most users, the Trezor Safe 3 offers a balanced mix of security, usability, and durability, making it a great choice for those who want reliable protection without complexity. The Ledger Nano S Plus presents excellent value for users seeking versatility across multiple cryptocurrencies. Beginners or casual investors might prefer the Ballet REAL Card for its simplicity, while those with large holdings should consider premium models like the D’CENT for biometric security. Ultimately, your choice depends on your security needs, technical comfort, and investment size.
